Basics
Vertical control
INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the various heighting procedures used to obtain the elevation of points of interest above…
July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TLBasics
Basics
Basic concept of errors
The basic concept of errors in the data captured by the surveyor may be likened to target shooting.…
July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TLBasics
Errors In Measurement
It should now be apparent that position fixing simply involves the measurement of angles and distance. However, all…
July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TLBasics
Units Of Measurement
The system most commonly used for the definition of units of measurement, for example of distance and angle,…
July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TLBasics
Error and uncertainty
In surveying nothing is ever absolutely certain. The product of surveying may be thought of as being in…
July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TLBasics
Plotting Detail
In the past, detail would have been plotted on paper or a more stable medium such as plastic…
July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TLBasics
Locating Position
Establishing control networks and their subsequent computation leads to an implied rectangular coordinate system over the area surveyed.…
July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TLBasics
Control Networks
The establishment of two- or three-dimensional control networks is the most fundamental operation in the surveying of large…
July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TLBasics
Methods of Levelling
Method 1 : It is done with only one setting of the instrument. · Method 2: When the two…
July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TLBasics
Levelling
It is a surveying method used to determine the level of points/objects with reference to the selected datum.…
July 21, 2021 · Prabhu TL