Fuel Injection 1 min read
Common Rail Type Fuel Injection System
Electronic control common rail type fuel injection system drives an integrated fuel pump at an ultrahigh pressure to distribute fuel…
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Introduction to Hydrogen fuelled scramjet combustor
The scramjet engine is one of the most promising propulsive systems for future hypersonic vehicles. Over the last fifty years the scramjet engine technology has been intensively investigated and several such engines have been flight-tested in recent years (Neal, Michael, & Allan, 2005; Paul, Vincent, Luat, & Jeryl, 2004). Research on supersonic combustion technologies is of great significance for the design of the engine and many researchers pay significant attention to the hypersonic airbreathing propulsion. The mixing and diffusive combustion of fuel and air in conventional scramjet engines take place simultaneously in the combustor (Huang, Qin, Luo, & Wang, 2010). Since the incoming supersonic flow can stay in the combustor only for a very short period of time, i.e. of the order of milliseconds (Aso, Inoue, Yamaguchi, & Tani, 2009; Huang et al., 2010; Hyungseok, Hui, Jaewoo, & Yunghwan,…
Fuel Injection 10 min read
Introduction to Accurate Modelling of an Injector for Common Rail Systems
It is well known that the injection system plays a leading role in achieving high diesel engine performance; the introduction of the common rail fuel injection system (Boehner & Kumel, 1997; Schommers et al., 2000; Stumpp & Ricco, 1996) represented a major evolutionary step that allowed the diesel engine to reach high efficiency and low emissions in a wide range of load conditions. Many experimental works show the positive effects of splitting the injection process in several pilot, main and post injections on the reduction of noise, soot and NOx emission (Badami et al., 2002; Brusca et al., 2002; Henelin et al., 2002; Park et al., 2004; Schmid et al., 2002). In addition, the success of engine downsizing (Beatrice et al., 2003) and homogeneous charge combustion engines (HCCI) (Canakci & Reitz, 2004; Yamane & Shimamoto, 2002) is deeply connected with the injection system performance and injection strategy. However, the development of a high performance common rail injection system requires a considerable investment in terms of time, as well as money, due to the need of fine tuning the operation of its components and, in particular, of the electronic fuel injector. In this light, numerical simulation models represent a crucial tool for reducing the amount of experiments needed to reach the final product configuration.…
Fuel Injection 8 min read
Introduction to Effect of injector nozzle holes on diesel engine performance
The four-stroke direct-injection diesel engine typical was measured and modeled by Bakar et al (2007) using GT-POWER computational model and has explored of diesel engine performance effect based on engine speeds. GT-POWER is the leading engine simulation tool used by engine and vehicle makers and suppliers and is suitable for analysis of a wide range of engine issues. The details of the diesel engine design vary significantly over the engine performance and size range. In particular, different combustion chamber geometries and fuel injection characteristics are required to deal effectively with major diesel engine design problem achieving sufficiently rapid fuel-air mixing rates to complete the fuel- burning process in the time available. According to Heywood (1988) and Ganesan (1999), a wide variety of inlet port geometries, cylinder head and piston shapes, and fuel-injection patterns are used to accomplish this over the diesel size range. The engine ratings usually…
Fuel Injection 12 min read
Introduction to Experimental study of spray generated by a new type of injector with rotary swinging needle
Numerous papers have indicated that the present standard systems of injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber, in the most economical, direct-injection diesel engines, have reached the limits of development. In order to maintain the emission of toxic components of exhaust gases within the ranges defined by both EURO V and projected EURO VI standards, various modifications to the combustion system will be necessary. It is known that injection through a conventional multi-hole nozzle, in combination with induced swirl in the air in the chamber, does not ensure that particulates and oxides of nitrogen are not formed. These toxic components are among the most difficult to subsequently remove from the exhaust gases (Hiroyasu & Arai, 1990; Peake, 1997; Kuszewski & Lejda, 2009). Effective limitation of NOX and PM emission can be achieved by providing proper macro structure parameters of…
Fuel Injection 24 min read
Introduction to Experimental Cells for Diesel Spray Research
The study of the combustion process in Diesel engines has been going even deeper into depth with the application of new techniques of measure and more rigorous methodologies. This has taken into new expectations in the development of parametric studies and in the construction of tools (physical models or experimental setup) that allow the reproduction of similar thermodynamic conditions to the ones present in the inside of a cylinder in a real thermal engine, making it possible to obtain greater approximations between the theoretical relation and the experimental one. Experimental setup classification The physical models or experimental setup used to study the injection-combustion process usually are of very specific characteristics, depending on the phenomena to analyse. These models can be classified in the three following groups: According to the…
Fuel Injection 29 min read
Introduction to Liquid Sprays Characteristics in Diesel Engines
For decades, the process of injecting an active fluid (diesel fuel) into the thermodynamic behaviour of a working fluid (air or gas) has been a priority in the research of the phenomena that occur in combustion systems. Due to technological improvements it’s possible in present times to characterise the injection fuel process in such conditions that match those happening when the engine is running under standard conditions, hence the purpose of these studies, which focus in the achievement of a perfect mixture between the working and active fluids; as a result of this, a series of consequences are triggered that lead to an optimum combustion, and therefore in the improvement of the engines capabilities. In Diesel engines the combustion process basically depends on the fuel injected into the combustion chamber and its interaction with the air.…
Fuel Injection 19 min read
Introduction to Gasoline direct injection
The basic goals of the automotive industry; a high power, low specific fuel consumption, low emissions, low noise and better drive comfort. With increasing the vehicle number, the role of the vehicles in air pollution has been increasing significantly day by day. The environment protection agencies have drawn down the emission limits annually. Furthermore, continuously increasing price of the fuel necessitates improving the engine efficiency. Since the engines with carburetor do not hold the air fuel ratio close to the stoichiometric at different working conditions, catalytic converter cannot be used in these engines. Therefore these engines have high emission values and low efficiency. Electronic controlled Port Fuel Injection (PFI) systems instead of fuel system with carburetor have been used since 1980’s. In fuel injection systems, induced air can be metered precisely and the fuel is injected in the manifold to air amount. By using the lambda sensor in exhaust system, air/fuel ratio is held of stable value. Fuel systems without electronic controlled it is impossible to comply with the increasingly emissions legislation. If port fuel injection system is compared with carburetor system, it is seen that has some…
Fuel Injection 11 min read
Introduction to The investigation of the mixture formation upon fuel injection into high-temperature gas flows
Combustion of a fuel in the combustion chambers of a gas-turbine engine and a gas-turbine plant is closely connected with the processes of mixing (Lefebvre, 1985). Investigations of these processes carried out by both experimental and computational methods have recently become especially crucial because of the necessity of solving ecological problems. One of the most pressing problems at present is account for the influence of droplets on an air flow. In some of the regimes of chamber operation this may lead to a substantial, almost twofold, change in the long range of a fuel spray and, consequently, to corresponding changes in the distributions of the concentrations of fuel phases. In this chapter physical models of the processes of interphase heat and mass transfer and computational techniques based on them are suggested. The present work is a continuation of research by Maiorova & Tretyakov, 2008. We set out to calculate the fields of air velocity and temperature as well as of the distribution of a liquid fuel in module combustion…