Introduction to Hydrogen fuelled scramjet combustor
The scramjet engine is one of the most promising propulsive systems for future hypersonic vehicles. Over the last fifty years the scramjet engine technology has been intensively investigated and several such engines have been flight-tested in recent years (Neal, Michael, & Allan, 2005; Paul, Vincent, Luat, & Jeryl, 2004). Research on supersonic combustion technologies is of great significance for the design of the engine and many researchers pay significant attention to the hypersonic airbreathing propulsion. The mixing and diffusive combustion of fuel and …
Introduction to Accurate Modelling of an Injector for Common Rail Systems
It is well known that the injection system plays a leading role in achieving high diesel engine performance; the introduction of the common rail fuel injection system (Boehner & Kumel, 1997; Schommers et al., 2000; Stumpp & Ricco, 1996) represented a major evolutionary step that allowed the diesel engine to reach high efficiency and low emissions in a wide range of load conditions. Many experimental works show the positive effects of splitting the injection process in several pilot, main and post injections on the reduction of noise, soot and NOx emission (Badami et al., 2002; Brusca et al., 2002; Henelin et al., 2002; Park et al., 2004; Schmid et al., 2002). In addition, the success of engine downsizing (Beatrice et al., 2003) and homogeneous charge combustion engines (HCCI) (Canakci & Reitz, 2004; Yamane & Shimamoto, 2002) is…
Introduction to Experimental study of spray generated by a new type of injector with rotary swinging needle
Numerous papers have indicated that the present standard systems of injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber, in the most economical, direct-injection diesel engines, have reached the limits of development. In order to maintain the emission of toxic components of exhaust gases within the ranges defined by both EURO V and projected EURO VI standards, various modifications to the combustion system will be necessary. It is known that injection…
Introduction to Experimental Cells for Diesel Spray Research
The study of the combustion process in Diesel engines has been going even deeper into depth with the application of new techniques of measure and more rigorous methodologies. This has taken into new expectations in the development of parametric studies and in the construction of tools (physical models or experimental setup) that allow the reproduction of similar thermodynamic conditions to the ones present in the inside of a cylinder in a real thermal engine, making it possible to obtain greater approximations between the theoretical relation and the experimental one.…
Introduction to Gasoline direct injection
The basic goals of the automotive industry; a high power, low specific fuel consumption, low emissions, low noise and better drive comfort. With increasing the vehicle number, the role of the vehicles in air pollution has been increasing significantly day by day. The environment protection agencies have drawn down the emission limits annually. Furthermore, continuously increasing price of the fuel necessitates improving the engine efficiency. Since the engines with carburetor do not hold the air fuel ratio close to the stoichiometric at different working conditions, catalytic converter cannot be used in these engines. Therefore these engines have high emission values and low efficiency. Electronic…
