Difference between linear and nonlinear elastic material
A few years ago I wrote an article about various nonlinear material models. Since I’m a civil engineer to me the obvious dividing line was: linear = no yielding, nonlinear =…
Imperfections of crystal structure
The simplest point defects are as follows: § Vacancy – missing atom at a certain crystal lattice position; § Interstitial impurity atom – extra impurity atom in an interstitial position; § Self-interstitial atom – extra atom in an interstitial…
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
The nondestructive nature of the X-ray Diffraction technique has made residual stress and austenite characterization a primary tool for process optimization, design improvement and quality control testing of materials. The…
Space Lattice
Bravais shows that only 14 types of space lattice are possible. Igure shows the 14 Bravais lattices. The 14 lattices are ground into grouped into seven crystal systems. Rom the…
Miller indices
Miller indices, group of three numbers that indicates the orientation of a plane or set of parallel planes of atoms in a crystal. If each atom in the crystal is represented by a…
Micro and Macro Structure of Solid Materials
Micro Structure of Solid Materials: The appearance of the structure of a material under a microscope is called microstructure. Optical microscopes are used for magnifications upto 1000 times while electron…
Crystal Structure of Solid Materials
A crystal is a solid whose constituents are arranged in a systematic manner. The distinctive features of solids are their definite shape, their hardness and their fixed volume. These characteristics…
Atomic Structure of Solid Materials
An atom of any element consists of the nucleus and the electrons. The nucleus is a stationary mass, situated at the centre and carrying a net positive charge. It consists…
Structure of Solid Materials
Materials differ from one another because of the differences in their properties. Differences in properties of various materials are due to the differences in their structure. Different materials possess different…
