⛽ Why Refining Is Expensive: The Hidden Costs of Making Fuel
When you fill up your car with gasoline or use jet fuel…
What’s in a Barrel? The Many Uses of Crude Oil 🛢️🔬
Introduction When you hear "barrel of oil," you probably think of gasoline…
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY STEAM REFORMING
Steam reforming of natural gas at petroleum refining facilities is the predominant…
Isomerization
Isomerization processes have been used to isomerize n-butane to iso-butane used in…
Polymerization
The polymerization process combines propenes and butenes to produce higher olefins with…
Uses of Hydrocracking
In a refinery, hydrocracking complements catalytic cracking by taking on the more…
Catalytic Hydrocracking
Catalytic hydrocracking is one of the latest additions to petroleum refining processes,…
Catalytic Reforming Processes
Even in the presence of hydrogen during reforming reactions, catalysts are deactivated…
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)
Fluid Catalytic Process, also introduced in 1942, offered an excellent integration of…
Visbreaking
Visbreaking is a mild thermal cracking process applied to reduce the viscosity…




