Chain Surveying
· In chain surveying only linear distances on the field are measured. · These…
CHAIN AND COMPASS SURVEYING FIELD WORK
In compass survey chain or tape is used for linear measurement. If…
TYPES OF GRAPHICAL SCALES
The following two types of scales are used in surveying: (i) Plain…
How to Measure a Tall Building or Skyscaper – 5 More Techniques
Can you believe that you can measure the height of a tall…
ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTANCE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Sun light or artificially generated electromagnetic waves consists of waves of different…
Measurement of Vertical Angle
Horizontal sight is taken as zero vertical angle. Angle of elevations are…
ERRORS IN PLANE TABLE SURVEYING
The errors may be grouped into the instrumental and personal errors. Instrumental…
TEMPORARY ADJUSTMENTS OF A LEVEL
The adjustments to be made at every setting of the instrument are…
Level and Levelling
Elevation measurements Elevation measurements involve measurements in vertical plane. It is also…
Parts of a Vernier Theodolite
Shows a sectional view of a typical Vernier theodolite and plate 16.1…


