Rate-Determining Steps
The rate of a multi-step reaction is determined by the slowest elementary step, which is known as the rate-determining step. Rate-Determining Steps Chemists often write chemical equations for reactions as…
Rate Laws for Elementary Steps
The rate law for an elementary step is derived from the molecularity of that step. Reaction Mechanisms Every chemical reaction proceeds according to a reaction mechanism, which is a step-by-step…
Rate equation
The rate law or rate equation for a chemical reaction is an equation that links the initial or forward reaction rate with the concentrations or pressures of the reactants and constant parameters (normally rate coefficients and partial reaction…
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures
What is Mixtures? Some examples of mixtures include mixtures of sand and water, mixtures of sugar and salt, and mixtures of lime juice and water. There are two primary types…
Properties of Fluids
To understand the different properties of fluids, first, we have to understand what exactly is meant by the term fluids. By definition, anything that can flow is a fluid. The…
Different Branches of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is classified into the following four branches: Classical ThermodynamicsStatistical ThermodynamicsChemical ThermodynamicsEquilibrium Thermodynamics Classical Thermodynamics In classical thermodynamics, the behaviour of matter is analyzed with a macroscopic approach. Units such…
What is the Third Law of Thermodynamics?
Entropy, denoted by ‘S’, is a measure of the disorder/randomness in a closed system. It is directly related to the number of microstates (a fixed microscopic state that can be…
Hydration
The formation of a solution involves the interaction of solute with solvent molecules. Many different liquids can be used as solvents for liquid solutions, and water is the most commonly…
Heat of Vaporization
Because the molecules of a liquid are in constant motion and possess a wide range of kinetic energies, at any moment some fraction of them has enough energy to escape…
Heat of Sublimation
The molar heat (or enthalpy) of sublimation is the amount of energy that must be added to a mole of solid at constant pressure to turn it directly into a…
